{"id":68432,"date":"2026-10-09T10:30:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-09T08:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flexi-project.com\/?p=68432"},"modified":"2026-10-10T13:43:59","modified_gmt":"2026-10-10T11:43:59","slug":"rizeni-vyzkumu-a-vyvoje-jak-planovat-vest-a-ridit-projekty-vav-od-pruzkumu-po-transfer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flexi-project.com\/cs\/rizeni-vyzkumu-a-vyvoje-jak-planovat-vest-a-ridit-projekty-vav-od-pruzkumu-po-transfer\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoje: jak pl\u00e1novat, v\u00e9st a \u0159\u00eddit projekty VaV od pr\u016fzkumu po transfer"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoje je discipl\u00edna organizovat, financovat, \u0159\u00eddit a realizovat pr\u00e1ci VaV tak, aby produkovala znalost, technologii nebo produkty komer\u010dn\u00ed \u010di v\u011bdeck\u00e9 hodnoty v p\u0159ijateln\u00fdch mez\u00edch \u010dasu a zdroj\u016f. \u0158\u00edzen\u00ed VaV se odli\u0161uje od standardn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed projektu ve \u010dty\u0159ech z\u00e1sadn\u00edch ohledech: v\u00fdsledek je \u010dasto nezn\u00e1m\u00fd, dokud nen\u00ed pr\u00e1ce ud\u011bl\u00e1na, rozsah se vyv\u00edj\u00ed, jak experimenty produkuj\u00ed v\u00fdsledky, krit\u00e9ria \u00fasp\u011bchu jsou z\u010d\u00e1sti subjektivn\u00ed a projekt, jen\u017e produkuje jasn\u00fd negativn\u00ed v\u00fdsledek, m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt stejnou hodnotu jako ten, kter\u00fd usp\u011bje. Tento pr\u016fvodce pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 t\u0159i typy VaV (z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum, aplikovan\u00fd v\u00fdzkum a experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdvoj), vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d se projekty VaV chovaj\u00ed odli\u0161n\u011b od standardn\u00edch, proch\u00e1z\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edm cyklem projektu VaV od fuzzy front-endu k transferu, v\u011bnuje se vyv\u00e1\u017eenosti na \u00farovni portfolia mezi pr\u016fzkumnou a vyu\u017e\u00edvac\u00ed prac\u00ed, ukazuje, jak se metodika stage-gate p\u0159izp\u016fsobuje VaV s mo\u017enostmi pivotu v ka\u017ed\u00e9 br\u00e1n\u011b, pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 role a struktury governance \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch organizac\u00ed VaV, katalogizuje metriky pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 k m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed produktivity VaV na \u00farovni projektu a portfolia, pojmenov\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u011bt nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch chyb a kon\u010d\u00ed zhodnocen\u00edm toho, kde FlexiProject podporuje realizaci projekt\u016f VaV a kde v\u011bdeck\u00e1 a technick\u00e1 kompetence organizace VaV z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nenahraditeln\u00e1.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large\" src=\"PLACEHOLDER\" alt=\"\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoje: jak pl\u00e1novat, v\u00e9st a \u0159\u00eddit projekty VaV od pr\u016fzkumu po transfer\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoje: typy VaV, \u017eivotn\u00ed cyklus, vyv\u00e1\u017eenost portfolia, stage-gate s pivotem, metriky a chyby.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":71319,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[760],"tags":[],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-68432","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vyroba"],"acf":{"ikonka_strony":null,"opis_w_menu":"","nie_pokazuj":false,"sections":[{"acf_fc_layout":"blog_podsumowanie","tresc":"<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoje je discipl\u00edna organizovat, financovat, \u0159\u00eddit a realizovat pr\u00e1ci VaV tak, aby produkovala znalost, technologii nebo produkty komer\u010dn\u00ed \u010di v\u011bdeck\u00e9 hodnoty v p\u0159ijateln\u00fdch mez\u00edch \u010dasu a zdroj\u016f.<\/strong> VaV pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 spektrum od z\u00e1kladn\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu (posouvat porozum\u011bn\u00ed bez okam\u017eit\u00e9 aplikace) p\u0159es aplikovan\u00fd v\u00fdzkum (\u0159e\u0161it definovan\u00fd probl\u00e9m) po experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdvoj (p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt v\u00fdsledky v\u00fdzkumu na produkty nebo procesy). Ka\u017ed\u00fd typ se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na odli\u0161n\u00e9 \u00farovni nejistoty, vy\u017eaduje odli\u0161nou governance a produkuje odli\u0161n\u00e9 v\u00fdstupy, proto jedin\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z\u0159\u00eddka slou\u017e\u00ed dob\u0159e v\u0161em t\u0159em.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Projekty VaV se odli\u0161uj\u00ed od standardn\u00edch ve \u010dty\u0159ech z\u00e1sadn\u00edch ohledech: v\u00fdsledek je \u010dasto nezn\u00e1m\u00fd, dokud nen\u00ed pr\u00e1ce ud\u011bl\u00e1na, rozsah se vyv\u00edj\u00ed, jak experimenty produkuj\u00ed v\u00fdsledky, krit\u00e9ria \u00fasp\u011bchu jsou z\u010d\u00e1sti subjektivn\u00ed a projekt, jen\u017e produkuje jasn\u00fd negativn\u00ed v\u00fdsledek, m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt stejnou hodnotu jako ten, kter\u00fd usp\u011bje.<\/strong> Tyto rozd\u00edly ne\u010din\u00ed VaV ne\u0159iditeln\u00fdm; vy\u017eaduj\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u00fapravy standardn\u00ed praxe \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed projektu. Strukturovan\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed VaV konzistentn\u011b p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1 ad hoc \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu v dob\u011b uveden\u00ed na trh, vyu\u017eit\u00ed zdroj\u016f, n\u00e1vratnosti portfolia a schopnosti p\u0159ij\u00edmat dobr\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed o ukon\u010den\u00ed d\u0159\u00edv, ne\u017e se do selh\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch sm\u011br\u016f zav\u00e1\u017ee v\u00edce zdroj\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u017divotn\u00ed cyklus projektu VaV b\u011b\u017e\u00ed od fuzzy front-endu (generov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1pad\u016f, t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed, po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed proveditelnost) p\u0159es form\u00e1ln\u00ed zah\u00e1jen\u00ed projektu, experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed realizaci s iterativn\u00edmi cykly, \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed a validaci a\u017e po transfer technologie nebo komercializaci.<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/flexi-project.com\/cs\/metodika-etapove-brany-faze-a-brany-v-rizeni-projektu\/\">Fuzzy front-end<\/a> je f\u00e1z\u00ed nej\u010dast\u011bji \u0159\u00edzenou neform\u00e1ln\u011b a nejp\u0159\u00edm\u011bji spojenou s kvalitou portfolia: n\u00e1pady, je\u017e vstoup\u00ed do form\u00e1ln\u00edho toku se slab\u00fdm posouzen\u00edm proveditelnosti, spot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed zdroje a p\u0159edb\u00edhaj\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti. Formalizace fuzzy front-endu lehk\u00fdmi, ale konzistentn\u00edmi n\u00e1stroji (pl\u00e1tno p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti, rychl\u00e9 bodov\u00e1n\u00ed proveditelnosti, po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159ezkum patentov\u00e9 krajiny) zlep\u0161uje kvalitu portfolia bez byrokratizace ran\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed portfolia VaV vy\u017eaduje vyv\u00e1\u017eit pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 projekty (vysok\u00e1 nejistota, potenci\u00e1ln\u011b transforma\u010dn\u00ed) oproti vyu\u017e\u00edvac\u00edm projekt\u016fm (p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstkov\u00e1 zlep\u0161en\u00ed existuj\u00edc\u00edch produkt\u016f a proces\u016f), proto\u017ee v\u00fdhradn\u011b pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 portfolio generuje pr\u016flomy bez kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdch v\u00fdnos\u016f a v\u00fdhradn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvac\u00ed portfolio generuje kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 v\u00fdnosy bez dlouhodob\u00e9 diferenciace.<\/strong> \u00da\u010dinn\u00e1 portfolia VaV pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed kbel\u00edkov\u00e9 strategie, je\u017e alokuj\u00ed definovan\u00fd pod\u00edl zdroj\u016f ka\u017ed\u00e9mu typu, aplikuj\u00ed strukturovan\u00e9 bodov\u00e1n\u00ed k porovn\u00e1n\u00ed kandid\u00e1t\u016f uvnit\u0159 kbel\u00edk\u016f a udr\u017euj\u00ed discipl\u00ednu v rozhodnut\u00edch o ukon\u010den\u00ed tak, aby selh\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed projekty uvolnily zdroje nam\u00edsto jejich spot\u0159ebov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u017e do p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho konce.<\/li>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/flexi-project.com\/cs\/metodika-etapove-brany-faze-a-brany-v-rizeni-projektu\/\">Metodika stage-gate<\/a> se p\u0159izp\u016fsobuje VaV t\u00edm, \u017ee \u010din\u00ed pivot explicitn\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed v ka\u017ed\u00e9 br\u00e1n\u011b, vedle pokra\u010dovat a ukon\u010dit, proto\u017ee projekty VaV \u010dasto zji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u016fvodn\u00ed sm\u011br nen\u00ed nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, nam\u00edsto zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee projekt je t\u0159eba ukon\u010dit.<\/strong> Br\u00e1ny ve VaV nejsou bin\u00e1rn\u00ed kontroln\u00ed body; jsou to rozhodovac\u00ed f\u00f3ra, kde projektov\u00fd t\u00fdm prezentuje sou\u010dasnou znalost a vlastn\u00edk portfolia rozhodne, zda pokra\u010dovat v p\u016fvodn\u00edm sm\u011bru, pivotovat k nad\u011bjn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu nebo zastavit. Tato explicitn\u00ed mo\u017enost pivotu je t\u00edm, co odli\u0161uje stage-gate VaV od stage-gate standardn\u00edho v\u00fdvoje produktu a vyh\u00fdb\u00e1 se zp\u016fsobu selh\u00e1n\u00ed pokra\u010dovat v projektu \u0161patn\u00fdm sm\u011brem, proto\u017ee jeho zastaven\u00ed vypad\u00e1 jako por\u00e1\u017eka.<\/li>\n<\/ul>"},{"acf_fc_layout":"blog_tresc","tresc":"<h2>Co je \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoje<\/h2>\n<p>V\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj je systematick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum a experimentov\u00e1n\u00ed, je\u017e organizace podnikaj\u00ed k posunu sv\u00e9 znalosti, v\u00fdvoji nov\u00fdch produkt\u016f a proces\u016f nebo zlep\u0161en\u00ed existuj\u00edc\u00edch. <a href=\"https:\/\/flexi-project.com\/cs\/inovace-a-projekty-vyzkumu-a-vyvoje\/\">\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed VaV<\/a> je discipl\u00edna organizovat, financovat, \u0159\u00eddit a realizovat tuto pr\u00e1ci tak, aby produkovala v\u00fdstupy komer\u010dn\u00ed \u010di v\u011bdeck\u00e9 hodnoty v p\u0159ijateln\u00fdch mez\u00edch \u010dasu a zdroj\u016f. \u00da\u010dinn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed VaV neodstra\u0148uje nejistotu; strukturuje pr\u00e1ci tak, aby byla nejistota \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b sni\u017eov\u00e1na, rozhodnut\u00ed byla p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1na ve spr\u00e1vn\u00fd \u010das s dostupnou informac\u00ed a zdroje byly p\u0159esouv\u00e1ny k nad\u011bjn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sm\u011br\u016fm, jak se znalost akumuluje.<\/p>\n<h3>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum<\/h3>\n<p>Tento typ posouv\u00e1 porozum\u011bn\u00ed jev\u016fm a princip\u016fm bez konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed komer\u010dn\u00ed aplikace na dohled. Je to kategorie VaV s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed nejistotou: v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci nev\u011bd\u00ed p\u0159edem, co objev\u00ed, a cesta od objevu ke komer\u010dn\u00ed hodnot\u011b m\u016f\u017ee trvat l\u00e9ta nebo desetilet\u00ed. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm univerzity a v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 instituce financovan\u00e9 z ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f, ale n\u011bkter\u00e9 velk\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 organizace udr\u017euj\u00ed programy z\u00e1kladn\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu specificky k budov\u00e1n\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9 schopnosti a udr\u017een\u00ed hlubok\u00fdch technick\u00fdch vztah\u016f s akademickou komunitou. \u0158\u00eddit z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum vy\u017eaduje odli\u0161n\u00e9 metriky (publikace, patenty, citace, rozvoj talentu) a odli\u0161nou governance (dlouh\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 horizonty, toleranci k p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed, expertn\u00ed recenzi) ne\u017e \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed aplikovan\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu nebo v\u00fdvoje.<\/p>\n<h3>Aplikovan\u00fd v\u00fdzkum<\/h3>\n<p>Tato kategorie studuje konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed probl\u00e9my nebo p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti s komer\u010dn\u00ed \u010di spole\u010denskou aplikac\u00ed na dohled. V\u00fdsledek z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nejist\u00fd (v\u00fdzkum m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee probl\u00e9m nelze vy\u0159e\u0161it za p\u0159ijateln\u00fd n\u00e1klad nebo \u017ee p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost neexistuje), ale ot\u00e1zka je ohrani\u010den\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u z\u00e1kladn\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu a \u010das do potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed aplikace je krat\u0161\u00ed. Aplikovan\u00fd v\u00fdzkum je m\u00edstem, kde v\u011bt\u0161ina pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch organizac\u00ed VaV soust\u0159ed\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu sv\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed, a kde discipl\u00edna \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed projektu p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed nejbezprost\u0159edn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hodnotu: strukturovan\u00e1 definice probl\u00e9mu, n\u00e1vrh experiment\u016f, sledov\u00e1n\u00ed miln\u00edk\u016f a stup\u0148ovit\u00e9 zavazov\u00e1n\u00ed zdroj\u016f zlep\u0161uj\u00ed v\u0161echny \u00fa\u010dinnost aplikovan\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu bez omezen\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu.<\/p>\n<h3>Experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdvoj<\/h3>\n<p>Tato kategorie p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed v\u00fdsledky v\u00fdzkumu na produkty, procesy nebo slu\u017eby, je\u017e lze uv\u00e9st na trh. Je to nejstrukturovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ze t\u0159\u00ed typ\u016f VaV, proto\u017ee technologick\u00fd koncept je ji\u017e ustaven a \u00fakolem je p\u0159ev\u00e9st jej in\u017een\u00fdringem na spolehliv\u00fd, vyrobiteln\u00fd a certifikovateln\u00fd produkt, co\u017e je bod, kde <a href=\"https:\/\/flexi-project.com\/cs\/obory\/vyroba\/\">\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed projekt\u016f pro v\u00fdrobce<\/a> p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed aplikovan\u00fd v\u00fdzkum na v\u00fdsledky p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 k v\u00fdrob\u011b. Experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdvoj je to, co se nejp\u0159\u00edm\u011bji poj\u00ed ke standardn\u00ed praxi \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed projektu: m\u00e1 definovan\u00fd koncov\u00fd bod (produkt, jen\u017e spl\u0148uje specifikaci a lze jej vyrobit), definovan\u00e1 krit\u00e9ria kvality a pl\u00e1n projektu s miln\u00edky. Hlavn\u00edmi v\u00fdzvami experiment\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdvoje jsou \u0159\u00eddit zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed technick\u00e9 riziko, jak se prototypy stav\u00ed a testuj\u00ed, \u0159\u00eddit rozsah, jak se po\u017eadavky z\u00e1kazn\u00edka vyv\u00edjej\u00ed, a koordinovat s v\u00fdrobn\u00edmi a regulatorn\u00edmi funkcemi, je\u017e funguj\u00ed na pevn\u00fdch term\u00ednech.<\/p>"},{"acf_fc_layout":"blog_tresc","tresc":"<h2>Pro\u010d se projekty VaV chovaj\u00ed odli\u0161n\u011b od standardn\u00edch<\/h2>\n<p>Standardn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed projektu p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee projektov\u00fd t\u00fdm v\u00ed na za\u010d\u00e1tku zhruba, jak bude v\u00fdstup vypadat, kolik bude st\u00e1t, jak dlouho bude trvat a jak bude jeho kvalita posuzov\u00e1na. Projekty VaV poru\u0161uj\u00ed v\u0161echny \u010dty\u0159i p\u0159edpoklady v prom\u011bnliv\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e podle toho, kde se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed na spektru od z\u00e1kladn\u00edho po v\u00fdvoj. Pochopen\u00ed t\u011bchto rozd\u00edl\u016f objas\u0148uje, jak\u00e9 standardn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed projektu se VaV dob\u0159e p\u0159izp\u016fsobuj\u00ed a kter\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed \u00fapravu.<\/p>\n<h3>Nejistota v\u00fdsledku<\/h3>\n<p>Ve standardn\u00edch projektech se nejistota t\u00fdk\u00e1 kalend\u00e1\u0159e, n\u00e1kladu a zdroj\u016f, ale samotn\u00fd v\u00fdstup je zn\u00e1m. V projektech VaV je v\u00fdstup z\u010d\u00e1sti nebo zcela nezn\u00e1m\u00fd na za\u010d\u00e1tku: experiment m\u016f\u017ee potvrdit hypot\u00e9zu, vyvr\u00e1tit ji nebo produkovat neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fd v\u00fdsledek cenn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ten hledan\u00fd. \u0158\u00edzen\u00ed nejistoty v\u00fdsledku vy\u017eaduje odli\u0161n\u00fd postoj ne\u017e \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nejistoty kalend\u00e1\u0159e: nam\u00edsto sledov\u00e1n\u00ed odchylky oproti z\u00e1kladn\u011b sleduj\u00ed mana\u017ee\u0159i VaV v\u00fdvoj porozum\u011bn\u00ed oproti p\u016fvodn\u00ed hypot\u00e9ze a upravuj\u00ed sm\u011br v\u00fdzkumu, jak se krajina vyjas\u0148uje. Podrobn\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny projektu s pevn\u00fdmi sekvencemi \u00fakol\u016f jsou \u010dasto kontraproduktivn\u00ed v ran\u00e9m VaV, proto\u017ee vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed zd\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edv\u00eddatelnosti, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e br\u00e1n\u00ed rychl\u00e9mu p\u0159epl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed, je\u017e iterativn\u00ed experimentov\u00e1n\u00ed vy\u017eaduje.<\/p>\n<h3>Vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se rozsah<\/h3>\n<p>Rozsah ve standardn\u00edch projektech je definov\u00e1n p\u0159edem a zm\u011bny jsou \u0159\u00edzeny jako v\u00fdjimky. V projektech VaV se rozsah vyv\u00edj\u00ed jako p\u0159irozen\u00fd d\u016fsledek objevu: experiment odhal\u00ed nad\u011bjn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sm\u011br, konkuren\u010dn\u00ed patent zm\u011bn\u00ed dostupn\u00fd prostor \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nebo rozhovor se z\u00e1kazn\u00edkem odhal\u00ed, \u017ee p\u016fvodn\u00ed definice probl\u00e9mu byla chybn\u00e1. \u0158\u00edzen\u00ed VaV mus\u00ed tento v\u00fdvoj p\u0159ijmout, ani\u017e by jej nechalo st\u00e1t se nekontrolovan\u00fdm posunem, jen\u017e spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1 zdroje bez produkce v\u00fdsledk\u016f. Praktickou discipl\u00ednou je periodick\u00e9 form\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159epl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed nam\u00edsto nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9 neform\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bny rozsahu: v definovan\u00fdch intervalech t\u00fdm ud\u011bl\u00e1 krok zp\u011bt, p\u0159ehodnot\u00ed, kam v\u00fdzkum dosp\u011bl oproti tomu, kam m\u00ed\u0159il, a explicitn\u011b rozhodne, zda pokra\u010dovat, p\u0159esm\u011brovat nebo zastavit.<\/p>\n<h3>Subjektivn\u00ed krit\u00e9ria \u00fasp\u011bchu<\/h3>\n<p>Krit\u00e9ria \u00fasp\u011bchu standardn\u00edch projekt\u016f jsou objektivn\u00ed: v term\u00ednu, v rozpo\u010dtu, spl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed specifikaci. Krit\u00e9ria \u00fasp\u011bchu VaV zahrnuj\u00ed objektivn\u00ed prvky (c\u00edle technick\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu, n\u00e1kladov\u00e9 c\u00edle, regulatorn\u00ed po\u017eadavky), ale i subjektivn\u00ed (je tento objev komer\u010dn\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00fd? je tato technologick\u00e1 platforma dostate\u010dn\u011b diferencovan\u00e1? je to dostatek d\u016fkaz\u016f k ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed investice do \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed?). Subjektivn\u00ed krit\u00e9ria vy\u017eaduj\u00ed struktury governance, je\u017e p\u0159inesou vhodn\u00fd expertn\u00ed \u00fasudek ve spr\u00e1vn\u00fd \u010das, nam\u00edsto vedouc\u00edch projekt\u016f p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00edc\u00edch sami rozhodnut\u00ed vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed v\u011bdeckou nebo obchodn\u00ed kompetenci nad r\u00e1mec jejich vlastn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Hodnota negativn\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Standardn\u00ed projekt, jen\u017e dod\u00e1 vadn\u00fd produkt, selhal. Projekt VaV, jen\u017e definitivn\u011b prok\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edstup nem\u016f\u017ee fungovat za p\u0159ijateln\u00fd n\u00e1klad, usp\u011bl v nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm smyslu: p\u0159inesl informaci, je\u017e se vyh\u00fdb\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed investici do slep\u00e9 uli\u010dky. \u0158\u00eddit VaV \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b vy\u017eaduje budovat kulturu, je\u017e zach\u00e1z\u00ed s jasn\u00fdmi negativn\u00edmi v\u00fdsledky jako s cenn\u00fdmi v\u00fdsledky nam\u00edsto selh\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee alternativa (pokra\u010dovat v investici do p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f, je\u017e nevyk\u00e1zaly slib, nam\u00edsto reportov\u00e1n\u00ed negativn\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f) je jedn\u00edm z nejn\u00e1kladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zp\u016fsob\u016f selh\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed VaV.<\/p>"},{"acf_fc_layout":"blog_tresc","tresc":"<h2>\u017divotn\u00ed cyklus projektu VaV<\/h2>\n<p>Projekty VaV postupuj\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edm cyklem, jen\u017e se li\u0161\u00ed od standardn\u00edch sv\u00fdm za\u010d\u00e1tkem a explicitn\u00edm ustanoven\u00edm pro p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed nam\u00edsto pouh\u00e9ho dod\u00e1n\u00ed nebo ukon\u010den\u00ed. P\u011bt n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00ed popisuje typickou sekvenci; v praxi ran\u00e9 projekty VaV st\u0159\u00eddaj\u00ed mezi pr\u016fzkumem a experimentov\u00e1n\u00edm, ne\u017e dos\u00e1hnou pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00ed, a \u017eivotn\u00ed cyklus se nejl\u00e9pe ch\u00e1pe jako progrese u\u010den\u00ed ne\u017e jako pevn\u00e1 line\u00e1rn\u00ed sekvence.<\/p>\n<h3>Fuzzy front-end<\/h3>\n<p>Fuzzy front-end je f\u00e1ze p\u0159ed projektem, kde jsou n\u00e1pady generov\u00e1ny, po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti t\u0159\u00edd\u011bny a kandid\u00e1ti vyb\u00edr\u00e1ni k form\u00e1ln\u00edmu v\u00fdvoji. Naz\u00fdv\u00e1 se mlhav\u00fd, proto\u017ee n\u00e1pady v t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi jsou v\u00e1gn\u00ed, proveditelnost nen\u00ed prok\u00e1z\u00e1na a komer\u010dn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l je spekulativn\u00ed. Dobr\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed fuzzy front-endu m\u00e1 nepom\u011brn\u00fd dopad na kvalitu portfolia: n\u00e1pady, je\u017e vstoup\u00ed do form\u00e1ln\u00edho toku, ur\u010duj\u00ed, na \u010dem lze pracovat, a slab\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed v t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi znamen\u00e1, \u017ee form\u00e1ln\u00ed projektov\u00e9 zdroje jsou spot\u0159ebov\u00e1ny na p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostech, je\u017e by nep\u0159e\u017eily p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 ran\u00e9 posouzen\u00ed. \u00da\u010dinn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed fuzzy front-endu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 lehk\u00e9, ale konzistentn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje: pl\u00e1tno p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti, je\u017e artikuluje probl\u00e9m, navrhovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup, potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed trh a po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159edpoklady proveditelnosti; rychl\u00e9 bodov\u00e1n\u00ed oproti strategick\u00fdm krit\u00e9ri\u00edm; a stru\u010dn\u00fd po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159ezkum patent\u016f a stavu techniky. Tyto n\u00e1stroje neodstra\u0148uj\u00ed mlhavost, ale p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed spekulaci na strukturovan\u00e9 hypot\u00e9zy, je\u017e lze testovat.<\/p>\n<h3>Zah\u00e1jen\u00ed projektu<\/h3>\n<p>Tato f\u00e1ze p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed vyt\u0159\u00edd\u011bnou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost na form\u00e1ln\u00ed projekt VaV s chartou, pl\u00e1nem v\u00fdzkumu, po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm rozpo\u010dtem a z\u00e1vazkem zdroj\u016f a definovan\u00fdmi krit\u00e9rii prvn\u00ed br\u00e1ny. Charta projektu VaV se li\u0161\u00ed od <a href=\"https:\/\/flexi-project.com\/cs\/charta-projektu\/\">charty projektu<\/a> standardn\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee obsahuje explicitn\u00ed prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o nejistot\u011b (co je zn\u00e1mo, co je p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1no, co je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mo a jak projekt vy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed nezn\u00e1m\u00e9), pl\u00e1n u\u010den\u00ed nam\u00edsto prost\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu dod\u00e1n\u00ed a sekci krit\u00e9ri\u00ed ukon\u010den\u00ed, je\u017e definuje, jak\u00fd d\u016fkaz by vedl k ukon\u010den\u00ed projektu. Definovat krit\u00e9ria ukon\u010den\u00ed na za\u010d\u00e1tku projektu je nepohodln\u00e9, ale nezbytn\u00e9: je mnohem snaz\u0161\u00ed dohodnout se, jak vypad\u00e1 selh\u00e1n\u00ed, ne\u017e projekt za\u010dne, ne\u017e dos\u00e1hnout dohody pod emocion\u00e1ln\u00edm tlakem projektu v nesn\u00e1z\u00edch.<\/p>\n<h3>Experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed realizace<\/h3>\n<p>Je to centr\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 f\u00e1ze, kde jsou hypot\u00e9zy testov\u00e1ny napl\u00e1novan\u00fdmi experimenty, v\u00fdsledky analyzov\u00e1ny a interpretov\u00e1ny a sm\u011br v\u00fdzkumu upravov\u00e1n podle toho, co experimenty odhal\u00ed. \u0158\u00eddit tuto f\u00e1zi vy\u017eaduje rovnov\u00e1hu mezi strukturou (aby byly experimenty pl\u00e1nov\u00e1ny z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b, v\u00fdsledky dokumentov\u00e1ny systematicky a u\u010den\u00ed sd\u00edleno v t\u00fdmu) a flexibilitou (aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky sledovat bez byrokratick\u00e9ho zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed). Kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 iterativn\u00ed cykly funguj\u00ed l\u00e9pe ne\u017e dlouh\u00e9 line\u00e1rn\u00ed pl\u00e1ny: napl\u00e1novat soubor experiment\u016f, je\u017e testuj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 hypot\u00e9zy, prov\u00e9st je, zhodnotit, co se nau\u010dilo, a napl\u00e1novat dal\u0161\u00ed soubor podle aktualizovan\u00e9ho porozum\u011bn\u00ed. Tato iterativn\u00ed struktura udr\u017euje v\u00fdzkum ukotven\u00fd v tom, co experimenty skute\u010dn\u011b ukazuj\u00ed, nam\u00edsto toho, co p\u016fvodn\u00ed pl\u00e1n p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dal.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0160k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed a validace<\/h3>\n<p>Tato f\u00e1ze ov\u011b\u0159uje, zda to, co fungovalo v laborato\u0159i nebo v mal\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku, funguje spolehliv\u011b v m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku a na \u00farovni kvality po\u017eadovan\u00e9 pro komer\u010dn\u00ed nasazen\u00ed. Je to m\u00edsto, kde mnoho projekt\u016f VaV nar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na sv\u00e9 nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzvy: jevy, je\u017e se chovaj\u00ed p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u011b v laboratorn\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku, se \u010dasto chovaj\u00ed jinak ve v\u00fdrobn\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku a p\u0159ijateln\u00fd technick\u00fd v\u00fdkon v podob\u011b prototypu se m\u016f\u017ee uk\u00e1zat nedostate\u010dn\u00fd, kdy\u017e je po\u017eadov\u00e1na konzistence kvality mezi v\u00fdrobn\u00edmi d\u00e1vkami. \u0158\u00eddit \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed vy\u017eaduje integrovat v\u00fdrobn\u00ed in\u017een\u00fdring, syst\u00e9my kvality a regulatorn\u00ed kompetenci vedle v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu, proto\u017ee ot\u00e1zky, na n\u011b\u017e se odpov\u00edd\u00e1, ji\u017e nejsou \u010dist\u011b v\u011bdeck\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>Transfer technologie a komercializace<\/h3>\n<p>V t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi validovan\u00e1 technologie p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed z organizace VaV k <a href=\"https:\/\/flexi-project.com\/cs\/rizeni-zainteresovanych-stran-projektu-jak-efektivne-ridit-vliv-a-zapojeni\/\">funkci<\/a>, je\u017e ji nasad\u00ed, vyrob\u00ed nebo komercializuje. \u00da\u010dinn\u00fd transfer technologie vy\u017eaduje systematick\u00e9 zachycen\u00ed znalosti (dokumentovat nejen to, co funguje, ale pro\u010d to funguje a na jak\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch z\u00e1vis\u00ed), strukturovan\u00e9 p\u0159ed\u00e1vac\u00ed procesy a trval\u00fd z\u00e1vazek mezi t\u00fdmem VaV a p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00edc\u00ed funkc\u00ed b\u011bhem obdob\u00ed ran\u00e9ho nasazen\u00ed. Selh\u00e1n\u00ed transferu technologie jsou b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 a n\u00e1kladn\u00e1: technologie, je\u017e funguje v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch VaV, selh\u00e1v\u00e1 ve v\u00fdrobn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, v\u00fdrobn\u00ed proces vyvinut\u00fd bez zapojen\u00ed provozu je technicky spr\u00e1vn\u00fd, ale prakticky ne\u0161k\u00e1lovateln\u00fd, nebo produkt, jen\u017e spl\u0148uje p\u016fvodn\u00ed specifikaci, m\u00edj\u00ed pot\u0159ebu z\u00e1kazn\u00edka, je\u017e se vyvinula, proto\u017ee z\u00e1vazek se z\u00e1kazn\u00edkem skon\u010dil p\u0159i schv\u00e1len\u00ed specifikace.<\/p>"},{"acf_fc_layout":"cta","styl":"srodek","motyw":"dark","wybor_klasy_przycisku":"btn_blue","tlo":"bg-clean","uklad_tla":"prostokat","subtytul":"Try FlexiProject!","wyroznione_slowo":"","desc":"\u0158i\u010fte projekty VaV od fuzzy front-endu po transfer technologie ve FlexiProject, zdarma na 30 dn\u00ed.","zdjecie":null,"pokaz_srodowisko":true,"pokaz_kontakt":false,"glowny_przycisk":"env"},{"acf_fc_layout":"blog_tresc","tresc":"<h2>\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed portfolia VaV<\/h2>\n<p>Jednotliv\u00e9 projekty VaV produkuj\u00ed znalost a technologii; portfolio VaV produkuje strategickou schopnost a komer\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1vratnost. \u0158\u00eddit VaV na \u00farovni portfolia je m\u00edstem, kde se p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed governance: kter\u00e9 projekty financovat, kolik alokovat pr\u016fzkumu oproti vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 projekty zastavit, kdy\u017e jsou zdroje omezen\u00e9, a zda je celkov\u00e9 portfolio um\u00edst\u011bno k dod\u00e1n\u00ed strategick\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f organizace. <a href=\"https:\/\/flexi-project.com\/cs\/co-je-to-portfolio-projektu-a-jak-ho-ridit\/\">\u010cty\u0159i discipl\u00edny<\/a> odd\u011bluj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed portfolia VaV od sb\u00edrek jednotliv\u00fdch projekt\u016f, je\u017e n\u00e1hodou sd\u00edlej\u00ed rozpo\u010det.<\/p>\n<h3>Vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch a vyu\u017e\u00edvac\u00edch projekt\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 projekty studuj\u00ed nov\u00e9 technologie, nov\u00e9 trhy nebo nov\u00e9 probl\u00e9mov\u00e9 dom\u00e9ny, kde je v\u00fdsledek velmi nejist\u00fd, ale potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednos transforma\u010dn\u00ed. Vyu\u017e\u00edvac\u00ed projekty zlep\u0161uj\u00ed existuj\u00edc\u00ed produkty, procesy nebo technologie, kde je v\u00fdsledek p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a p\u0159\u00ednos p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstkov\u00fd. Oba typy jsou nezbytn\u00e9: v\u00fdhradn\u011b pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 portfolio generuje pr\u016flomy bez kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdch v\u00fdnos\u016f k udr\u017een\u00ed organizace a v\u00fdhradn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvac\u00ed portfolio generuje kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 v\u00fdnosy bez dlouhodob\u00e9 diferenciace nezbytn\u00e9 k p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed konkuren\u010dn\u00ed disrupce. \u00da\u010dinn\u00e1 portfolia VaV alokuj\u00ed zdroje explicitn\u011b ka\u017ed\u00e9mu typu kbel\u00edkovou strategi\u00ed: definovan\u00e9 procento rozpo\u010dtu portfolia jde na pr\u016fzkumnou pr\u00e1ci a definovan\u00e9 procento na vyu\u017e\u00edvac\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e rozd\u011blen\u00ed odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed f\u00e1zi v\u00fdvoje a konkuren\u010dn\u00ed kontext organizace.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdb\u011br a bodov\u00e1n\u00ed projekt\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>V\u00fdb\u011br projekt\u016f v portfoli\u00edch VaV je komplikov\u00e1n t\u00edm, \u017ee kandid\u00e1ty v ran\u00e9 f\u00e1zi nelze hodnotit ve stejn\u00fdch term\u00ednech jako zral\u00e9: maj\u00ed vysokou nejistotu v technick\u00e9 proveditelnosti, komer\u010dn\u00edm potenci\u00e1lu a n\u00e1kladu v\u00fdvoje. Strukturovan\u00e9 bodov\u00e1n\u00ed to kompenzuje t\u00edm, \u017ee \u010din\u00ed p\u0159edpoklady explicitn\u00edmi a hodnot\u00ed je konzistentn\u011b mezi kandid\u00e1ty. Jednoduch\u00fd model bodov\u00e1n\u00ed VaV by mohl v\u00e1\u017eit strategick\u00e9 zapadnut\u00ed, technickou proveditelnost, komer\u010dn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l, po\u017eadavky na zdroje a \u010das na trh a obodovat ka\u017ed\u00e9ho kandid\u00e1ta oproti t\u011bmto dimenz\u00edm se stru\u010dn\u00fdm narativn\u00edm zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00edm na bodov\u00e1n\u00ed. Bodov\u00e1n\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fd jazyk k porovn\u00e1n\u00ed kandid\u00e1t\u016f, jen\u017e sni\u017euje vliv seniority a prote\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed na v\u00fdb\u011br, a narativy vyn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 p\u0159edpoklady, je\u017e pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1ze projektu mus\u00ed testovat.<\/p>\n<h3>Rozhodnut\u00ed o ukon\u010den\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Tato rozhodnut\u00ed jsou nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed discipl\u00ednou \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed portfolia VaV, proto\u017ee vy\u017eaduj\u00ed zastavit pr\u00e1ci, do n\u00ed\u017e lid\u00e9 investovali, jej\u00ed\u017e obh\u00e1jci v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1le usp\u011bt, a je\u017e p\u0159edstavuje utopen\u00fd n\u00e1klad, kter\u00fd vypad\u00e1 promarn\u011bn\u011b, je-li projekt ukon\u010den. \u00da\u010dinn\u00e1 discipl\u00edna ukon\u010den\u00ed vy\u017eaduje p\u0159edem dohodnut\u00e1 krit\u00e9ria ukon\u010den\u00ed (definovan\u00e1 na za\u010d\u00e1tku projektu, nikoli kdy\u017e je projekt ji\u017e v nesn\u00e1z\u00edch), pravomoc na \u00farovni portfolia (rozhodnut\u00ed o ukon\u010den\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edman\u00e1 na \u00farovni portfolia nam\u00edsto projektov\u00fdm t\u00fdmem, jen\u017e m\u00e1 z\u00e1jem pokra\u010dovat) a kulturu, je\u017e zach\u00e1z\u00ed s ukon\u010den\u00edm jako s pozitivn\u00edm v\u00fdsledkem (zdroje uvoln\u011bn\u00e9 z projektu, jen\u017e dos\u00e1hl sv\u00e9ho limitu, jsou dostupn\u00e9 pro projekty s lep\u0161\u00edmi vyhl\u00eddkami). Organizace bez discipl\u00edny ukon\u010den\u00ed hromad\u00ed zombie projekty, je\u017e spot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed zdroje, p\u0159edb\u00edhaj\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti a nakonec stejn\u011b sel\u017eou za mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed utopen\u00fd n\u00e1klad.<\/p>\n<h3>P\u0159ezkumy portfolia a rebalancov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Pravideln\u00e9 p\u0159ezkumy hodnot\u00ed v\u0161echny aktivn\u00ed projekty VaV oproti sou\u010dasn\u00fdm strategick\u00fdm priorit\u00e1m, omezen\u00edm zdroj\u016f a konkuren\u010dn\u00edmu kontextu a odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem rebalancuj\u00ed alokaci. \u00da\u010dinn\u00e9 p\u0159ezkumy portfolia prob\u00edhaj\u00ed v pravideln\u00e9 kadenci (obvykle \u010dtvrtletn\u011b u aktivn\u00edho portfolia VaV), zahrnuj\u00ed \u00fapln\u00fd seznam projekt\u016f nam\u00edsto jen t\u011bch v nesn\u00e1z\u00edch a \u00fast\u00ed v explicitn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed nam\u00edsto pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi ot\u00e1zkami p\u0159ezkumu portfolia jsou: odpov\u00edd\u00e1 sou\u010dasn\u00e1 alokace portfolia strategick\u00fdm priorit\u00e1m? Jsou zdroje soust\u0159ed\u011bny na projekty nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hodnoty? Jsou projekty, je\u017e by m\u011bly b\u00fdt p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1ny nebo ukon\u010deny? Jsou strategick\u00e9 mezery, je\u017e \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd sou\u010dasn\u00fd projekt ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed? Odpov\u011bdi se mo\u017en\u00e1 nem\u011bn\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u010dtvrtlet\u00ed, ale pravideln\u00e9 kladen\u00ed ot\u00e1zek zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee portfolio nesklouz\u00e1v\u00e1 od strategie setrva\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/p>"},{"acf_fc_layout":"blog_tresc","tresc":"<h2>Metodika stage-gate p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00e1 VaV<\/h2>\n<p>Metodika stage-gate p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed strukturovan\u00fd r\u00e1mec pro posun projekt\u016f VaV od n\u00e1padu ke komercializaci skrze definovan\u00e9 f\u00e1ze odd\u011blen\u00e9 p\u0159ezkumy bran, kde se p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed explicitn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed pokra\u010dovat, pivotovat nebo zastavit. Standardn\u00ed model stage-gate byl vyvinut p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro <a href=\"https:\/\/flexi-project.com\/cs\/proces-vyvoje-novych-produktu-ve-vyrobe-osm-fazi-od-napadu-k-uvedeni-na-trh\/\">v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch produkt\u016f<\/a> a p\u0159izp\u016fsobuje se VaV dob\u0159e se dv\u011bma d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi \u00fapravami: br\u00e1ny mus\u00ed zahrnovat pivot jako explicitn\u00ed mo\u017enost vedle pokra\u010dovat a zastavit a krit\u00e9ria bran mus\u00ed odr\u00e1\u017eet \u00farove\u0148 nejistoty f\u00e1ze projektu nam\u00edsto vy\u017eadov\u00e1n\u00ed jistoty vhodn\u00e9 pro pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 f\u00e1ze.<\/p>\n<h3>Struktura bran pro projekty VaV<\/h3>\n<p>Struktura stage-gate VaV zahrnuje obvykle \u010dty\u0159i a\u017e p\u011bt bran odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edch kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm rozhodovac\u00edm bod\u016fm \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu projektu: br\u00e1na nula (t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1pad\u016f ve fuzzy front-endu), br\u00e1na jedna (zah\u00e1jen\u00ed projektu, zav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed zdroj\u016f do form\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu), br\u00e1na dva (pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed investice po prvn\u00edch experiment\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u00fdsledc\u00edch), br\u00e1na t\u0159i (investice do \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed po proof of concept) a br\u00e1na \u010dty\u0159i (investice do komercializace po validovan\u00e9 technologii). Ka\u017ed\u00e1 br\u00e1na je rozhodovac\u00edm f\u00f3rem, kde projektov\u00fd t\u00fdm prezentuje sou\u010dasnou znalost oproti krit\u00e9ri\u00edm br\u00e1ny a vlastn\u00edk portfolia rozhodne o dal\u0161\u00edm kroku. Krit\u00e9ria bran mus\u00ed specifikovat, jak\u00fd d\u016fkaz je po\u017eadov\u00e1n k postupu, nikoli jen \u017ee n\u011bjak\u00fd d\u016fkaz mus\u00ed existovat.<\/p>\n<h3>Pivot jako explicitn\u00ed mo\u017enost<\/h3>\n<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fapravou stage-gate pro VaV je u\u010dinit pivot explicitn\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed v ka\u017ed\u00e9 br\u00e1n\u011b, se stejn\u00fdm statusem jako pokra\u010dovat a zastavit. Ve standardn\u00edm v\u00fdvoji produktu je ot\u00e1zkou v ka\u017ed\u00e9 br\u00e1n\u011b, zda projekt pokra\u010duje nebo je ukon\u010den; ve VaV je spr\u00e1vnou ot\u00e1zkou \u010dasto, zda projekt pokra\u010duje ve sv\u00e9m sou\u010dasn\u00e9m sm\u011bru, pivotuje k nad\u011bjn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu sm\u011bru, kter\u00fd v\u00fdzkum odhalil, nebo je ukon\u010den. Projektov\u00fd t\u00fdm, jen\u017e zjistil, \u017ee jeho p\u016fvodn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup nen\u00ed \u017eivotaschopn\u00fd, ale identifikoval souvisej\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup s lep\u0161\u00edmi vyhl\u00eddkami, by m\u011bl moci navrhnout tento pivot v br\u00e1n\u011b nam\u00edsto v\u00fdb\u011bru mezi reportov\u00e1n\u00edm \u00fasp\u011bchu (a pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm \u0161patn\u00fdm sm\u011brem) nebo reportov\u00e1n\u00edm selh\u00e1n\u00ed (a sledov\u00e1n\u00edm, jak je projekt ukon\u010den, kdy\u017e existuje cenn\u00e1 alternativa). Explicitn\u00ed mo\u017enost pivotu zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 hodnotu, je\u017e se akumuluje b\u011bhem v\u00fdzkumu, i kdy\u017e se p\u016fvodn\u00ed sm\u011br uk\u00e1\u017ee chybn\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h3>Mlhav\u00e9 br\u00e1ny pro pr\u00e1ci ran\u00e9 f\u00e1ze<\/h3>\n<p>Br\u00e1ny VaV ran\u00e9 f\u00e1ze (zejm\u00e9na br\u00e1na nula a br\u00e1na jedna) mus\u00ed b\u00fdt z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 ne\u017e br\u00e1ny pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1ze, proto\u017ee vy\u017eadovat \u00fapln\u00fd d\u016fkaz proveditelnosti ve f\u00e1zi n\u00e1padu by br\u00e1nilo nad\u011bjn\u00fdm, ale ran\u00fdm n\u00e1pad\u016fm vstoupit do toku. Mlhav\u00e9 br\u00e1ny specifikuj\u00ed, jak\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zodpov\u011bzeny a jak\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 d\u016fkazu je p\u0159ijateln\u00e1 v ka\u017ed\u00e9 f\u00e1zi, ani\u017e by vy\u017eadovaly jistotu v t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi nemo\u017enou. Mlhav\u00e1 br\u00e1na nula by mohla vy\u017eadovat zdokumentovan\u00fd popis p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti, po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159ezkum konkuren\u010dn\u00ed a patentov\u00e9 krajiny a stru\u010dn\u00e9 posouzen\u00ed strategick\u00e9ho zapadnut\u00ed nam\u00edsto \u00fapln\u00e9 technick\u00e9 proveditelnosti. Krit\u00e9ria se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed postupn\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi skrze sekvenci bran, jak projekt postupuje a jistota po\u017eadovan\u00e1 ospravedl\u0148uje v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed investici.<\/p>\n<h3>Pravomoc bran a governance<\/h3>\n<p>Tato rozhodnut\u00ed mus\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edmat lid\u00e9 s pravomoc\u00ed zav\u00e1zat zdroje a perspektivou porovnat projekt oproti \u00fapln\u00e9mu portfoliu. V praxi pravomoc br\u00e1ny spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 obvykle na vlastn\u00edkovi portfolia VaV nebo v\u00fdboru governance, jen\u017e zahrnuje technologick\u00e9 veden\u00ed, komer\u010dn\u00ed veden\u00ed a finance. Projektov\u00e9 t\u00fdmy prezentuj\u00ed v br\u00e1n\u011b, ale nedr\u017e\u00ed pravomoc br\u00e1ny, proto\u017ee maj\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00fd z\u00e1jem na pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, jen\u017e se nemus\u00ed sladit s prioritami na \u00farovni portfolia. Governance br\u00e1ny tak\u00e9 vy\u017eaduje, aby rozhodnut\u00ed o bran\u00e1ch byla zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1na se sv\u00fdm zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00edm, aby organizace budovala historii rozhodnut\u00ed, kterou lze p\u0159ezkoumat a z n\u00ed\u017e se lze pou\u010dit.<\/p>"},{"acf_fc_layout":"blog_tresc","tresc":"<h2>Role a struktura t\u00fdmu v \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed VaV<\/h2>\n<p>Projekty VaV vy\u017eaduj\u00ed konfiguraci rol\u00ed odli\u0161nou od standardn\u00edch projekt\u016f, proto\u017ee pr\u00e1ce kombinuje v\u011bdeckou kompetenci, discipl\u00ednu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed projektu, perspektivu obchodn\u00edho rozvoje a extern\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci v proporc\u00edch, je\u017e se li\u0161\u00ed s typem VaV a f\u00e1z\u00ed projektu. \u010cty\u0159i role jsou spole\u010dn\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b struktur projektu VaV, a\u010dkoli jejich relativn\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitost se podstatn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Hlavn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161itel a vedouc\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu<\/h3>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161itel (PI) nebo vedouc\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu je v\u011bdeck\u00fdm vlastn\u00edkem projektu, odpov\u011bdn\u00fdm za sm\u011br v\u00fdzkumu, n\u00e1vrh experiment\u016f a v\u011bdeckou p\u0159\u00edsnost pr\u00e1ce. PI je obvykle nejhlub\u0161\u00edm technick\u00fdm expertem projektu a osobou nejl\u00e9pe um\u00edst\u011bnou posoudit, co znamenaj\u00ed experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdsledky. V organizac\u00edch, kde je \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed projektu poj\u00edm\u00e1no jako funkce odli\u0161n\u00e1 od v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho veden\u00ed, PI spolupracuje s vedouc\u00edm projektu, jen\u017e \u0159\u00edd\u00ed kalend\u00e1\u0159, rozpo\u010det, reporting a komunikaci se zainteresovan\u00fdmi stranami; v organizac\u00edch, kde se od v\u011bdeck\u00fdch vedouc\u00edch o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee budou \u0159\u00eddit sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed projekty, PI nese ob\u011b role. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd model nen\u00ed univerz\u00e1ln\u011b nad\u0159azen\u00fd; volba z\u00e1vis\u00ed na m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku a slo\u017eitosti projekt\u016f a na schopnosti \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed projektu v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho person\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n<h3>Mezifunk\u010dn\u00ed projektov\u00fd t\u00fdm<\/h3>\n<p>\u00da\u010dinn\u00e9 projekty VaV shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed v\u011bdeckou, in\u017een\u00fdrskou, regulatorn\u00ed, kvalitn\u00ed, v\u00fdrobn\u00ed a komer\u010dn\u00ed kompetenci nam\u00edsto izolace v\u00fdzkumu v odli\u0161n\u00e9 funkci, dokud nen\u00ed p\u0159ipraven k dod\u00e1n\u00ed. Mezifunk\u010dn\u00ed t\u00fdmy identifikuj\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve navazuj\u00edc\u00ed omezen\u00ed (v\u00fdroba objev\u00ed v ran\u00e9m v\u00fdvoji, \u017ee navrhovan\u00e1 syntetick\u00e1 cesta nen\u00ed \u0161k\u00e1lovateln\u00e1, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se vyhne investici do p\u0159\u00edstupu, jen\u017e by selhal pozd\u011bji), reprezentuj\u00ed perspektivu z\u00e1kazn\u00edka a trhu v rozhodnut\u00edch o v\u00fdzkumu a buduj\u00ed transferov\u00e9 vztahy b\u011bhem projektu nam\u00edsto jejich nutn\u00e9ho ustaven\u00ed p\u0159i dod\u00e1n\u00ed. Praktickou v\u00fdzvou je, \u017ee \u010dlenov\u00e9 mezifunk\u010dn\u00edho t\u00fdmu z v\u00fdrobn\u00edch, regulatorn\u00edch a komer\u010dn\u00edch funkc\u00ed jsou \u010dasto p\u0159i\u0159azeni k n\u011bkolika projekt\u016fm a nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt dostupn\u00ed s intenzitou, kterou projekt vy\u017eaduje v kritick\u00fdch okam\u017eic\u00edch.<\/p>\n<h3>Extern\u00ed partne\u0159i a spolupr\u00e1ce<\/h3>\n<p>VaV st\u00e1le v\u00edce zahrnuje extern\u00ed partnery: univerzity a v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 instituce p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed hlubokou v\u011bdeckou kompetenci a p\u0159\u00edstup ke znalosti na hranici, smluvn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 organizace (CRO) p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed kapacitu a specialistick\u00e9 dovednosti, je\u017e nen\u00ed rentabiln\u00ed udr\u017eovat intern\u011b, a technologi\u010dt\u00ed partne\u0159i p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed dopl\u0148kov\u00e9 technologie, je\u017e organizace nedok\u00e1\u017ee vyvinout nez\u00e1visle v po\u017eadovan\u00e9m term\u00ednu. \u0158\u00eddit extern\u00ed partnerstv\u00ed ve VaV vy\u017eaduje jasnou definici rozsahu (co bude ud\u011bl\u00e1no extern\u011b oproti intern\u011b), dohody o du\u0161evn\u00edm vlastnictv\u00ed, je\u017e \u0159e\u0161\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b vyvinut\u00e9 znalosti, dohody o bezpe\u010dnosti informace, je\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci bez kompromitace propriet\u00e1rn\u00edho obsahu, a dohody governance, je\u017e integruj\u00ed extern\u00ed partnery do proces\u016f <a href=\"https:\/\/flexi-project.com\/cs\/proces-stage-gate-ve-vyrobe-faze-brany-a-rozhodnuti-go-kill\/\">p\u0159ezkumu bran<\/a> a reportingu projektu.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdbor governance VaV<\/h3>\n<p>V\u00fdbor governance VaV p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed dohled na \u00farovni portfolia, schvaluje rozhodnut\u00ed o bran\u00e1ch velk\u00fdch projekt\u016f, \u0159e\u0161\u00ed konflikty zdroj\u016f mezi projekty a zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee portfolio z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 slad\u011bno se strategick\u00fdmi prioritami. \u00da\u010dinn\u00e9 v\u00fdbory governance VaV zahrnuj\u00ed reprezentaci technologick\u00e9ho veden\u00ed, komer\u010dn\u00edho veden\u00ed a financ\u00ed, sch\u00e1zej\u00ed se v pravideln\u00e9 kadenci a maj\u00ed jasnou pravomoc schv\u00e1lit, p\u0159esm\u011brovat nebo ukon\u010dit projekty. V\u00fdbory governance, jim\u017e chyb\u00ed pravomoc nebo v\u016fle p\u0159ij\u00edmat obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed (zejm\u00e9na rozhodnut\u00ed o ukon\u010den\u00ed a p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed), funguj\u00ed jako f\u00f3ra v\u00fdm\u011bny informac\u00ed nam\u00edsto org\u00e1n\u016f governance a portfolio postupn\u011b hromad\u00ed projekty, je\u017e nikdo nen\u00ed ochoten ukon\u010dit.<\/p>"},{"acf_fc_layout":"cta","styl":"srodek","motyw":"dark","wybor_klasy_przycisku":"btn_blue","tlo":"bg-clean","uklad_tla":"prostokat","subtytul":"Try FlexiProject!","wyroznione_slowo":"","desc":"Prohl\u00e9dn\u011bte si cel\u00e9 portfolio projekt\u016f VaV, stav bran a zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zdroj\u016f ve FlexiProject, zdarma na 30 dn\u00ed.","zdjecie":null,"pokaz_srodowisko":true,"pokaz_kontakt":false,"glowny_przycisk":"env"},{"acf_fc_layout":"blog_tresc","tresc":"<h2>Metriky pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed VaV<\/h2>\n<p>Metriky VaV jsou slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e metriky standardn\u00edho projektu, proto\u017ee VaV produkuje znalost a schopnost jako meziv\u00fdstupy d\u0159\u00edv, ne\u017e produkuje komer\u010dn\u00ed hodnotu, a proto\u017ee vztah mezi investic\u00ed do VaV a komer\u010dn\u00edm v\u00fdsledkem je pravd\u011bpodobnostn\u00ed nam\u00edsto deterministick\u00e9ho. \u00da\u010dinn\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed VaV pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 metriky na t\u0159ech \u00farovn\u00edch: vstupn\u00ed metriky (co je investov\u00e1no), v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 metriky (jak pr\u00e1ce postupuje) a v\u00fdstupn\u00ed metriky (jakou hodnotu pr\u00e1ce produkuje).<\/p>\n<h3>Vstupn\u00ed metriky<\/h3>\n<p>Tato kategorie m\u011b\u0159\u00ed zdroje zav\u00e1zan\u00e9 do VaV: celkov\u00e9 v\u00fddaje na VaV, v\u00fddaje na VaV v procentech tr\u017eeb (intenzita VaV), po\u010det zam\u011bstnanc\u016f podle discipl\u00edny a seniority, investice do extern\u00edch partnerstv\u00ed a alokace portfolia podle typu projektu (pr\u016fzkumn\u00fd oproti vyu\u017e\u00edvac\u00edmu) a podle obchodn\u00ed jednotky nebo technologick\u00e9 dom\u00e9ny. Vstupn\u00ed metriky odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed na to, zda organizace investuje dostate\u010dn\u011b do VaV, zda je investice alokov\u00e1na spr\u00e1vn\u011b v portfoliu a zda \u00farovn\u011b zdroj\u016f odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed ambici portfolia. Referen\u010dn\u00ed hodnoty intenzity VaV se velmi li\u0161\u00ed podle sektoru: farmaceutick\u00e9 firmy investuj\u00ed obvykle 15 a\u017e 20 procent tr\u017eeb do VaV, softwarov\u00e9 10 a\u017e 15 procent, pr\u016fmyslov\u00ed v\u00fdrobci 3 a\u017e 5 procent. Tyto referen\u010dn\u00ed hodnoty jsou pr\u016fm\u011bry, je\u017e maskuj\u00ed \u0161irokou variaci uvnit\u0159 sektor\u016f, a m\u011bly by b\u00fdt pou\u017eity jako orientace nam\u00edsto c\u00edl\u016f.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdkonov\u00e9 metriky<\/h3>\n<p>Tato skupina m\u011b\u0159\u00ed, jak pr\u00e1ce VaV postupuje: po\u010det projekt\u016f v ka\u017ed\u00e9 f\u00e1zi \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu, m\u00edry dosa\u017een\u00ed miln\u00edk\u016f, m\u00edry pr\u016fchodu branami a doby cyklu mezi f\u00e1zemi. V\u00fdkonov\u00e9 metriky identifikuj\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 \u00fazk\u00e1 hrdla d\u0159\u00edv, ne\u017e ovlivn\u00ed v\u00fdstup: konzistentn\u011b vysok\u00fd po\u010det projekt\u016f blokovan\u00fdch v konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed br\u00e1n\u011b nazna\u010duje, \u017ee bu\u010f jsou krit\u00e9ria br\u00e1ny nerealistick\u00e1, nebo projekty prezentovan\u00e9 v br\u00e1n\u011b jsou systematicky \u0161patn\u011b p\u0159ipraveny. Metriky doby cyklu (jak dlouho projekt\u016fm trv\u00e1 p\u0159ej\u00edt z jedn\u00e9 f\u00e1ze do dal\u0161\u00ed) jsou zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b informativn\u00ed ve farmaceutick\u00e9m a pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9m VaV, kde je \u010das na trh konkuren\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdhodou a \u010das ztracen\u00fd byrokratick\u00fdm zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm je stejn\u011b \u0161kodliv\u00fd jako ten ztracen\u00fd technick\u00fdmi nezdary.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdstupn\u00ed metriky<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/flexi-project.com\/cs\/kpi-portfolio-management-jak-se-z-projektu-stava-hodnota-s-business-acumenem\/\">V\u00fdstupn\u00ed metriky<\/a> m\u011b\u0159\u00ed komer\u010dn\u00ed \u010di v\u011bdeckou hodnotu produkovanou VaV: podan\u00e9 a ud\u011blen\u00e9 patenty, publikace, uveden\u00e9 produkty, tr\u017eby p\u0159isuzovateln\u00e9 produkt\u016fm vyvinut\u00fdm v definovan\u00e9m obdob\u00ed a n\u00e1vratnost investice do VaV. N\u00e1vratnost investice do VaV je nej\u00fapln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdstupn\u00ed metrikou, ale tak\u00e9 nejobt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k p\u0159esn\u00e9mu v\u00fdpo\u010dtu, proto\u017ee vy\u017eaduje p\u0159isoudit tr\u017eby konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm investic\u00edm do VaV po celou dobu v\u00fdvoje, je\u017e m\u016f\u017ee trvat mnoho let. Jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed aproximace zahrnuj\u00ed procento tr\u017eeb p\u0159isuzovateln\u00e9 produkt\u016fm uveden\u00fdm za posledn\u00ed t\u0159i a\u017e p\u011bt let (index vitality nov\u00fdch produkt\u016f) a m\u00edru technick\u00e9ho \u00fasp\u011bchu (procento projekt\u016f, je\u017e dos\u00e1hnou komercializace z t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 vstoupily do toku). Tyto aproximace jsou nedokonal\u00e9, ale u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 jako ukazatele produktivity portfolia v \u010dase.<\/p>\n<h3>P\u0159edstihov\u00e9 ukazatele pro projekty ran\u00e9 f\u00e1ze<\/h3>\n<p>Zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 metriky jako tr\u017eby z ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch produkt\u016f jsou u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 k hodnocen\u00ed minul\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu portfolia, ale nikoli k \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00fdch projekt\u016f. P\u0159edstihov\u00e9 ukazatele, je\u017e signalizuj\u00ed budouc\u00ed zdrav\u00ed portfolia, zahrnuj\u00ed kvalitu a kvantitu n\u00e1pad\u016f ve fuzzy front-endu, m\u00edru technick\u00e9ho postupu v aktivn\u00edch v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch projektech m\u011b\u0159enou oproti v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdm miln\u00edk\u016fm nam\u00edsto komer\u010dn\u00edch, m\u00edru v\u011bdeck\u00fdch publikac\u00ed a patent\u016f jako aproximaci postupu znalosti a aktivitu extern\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce jako aproximaci p\u0159\u00edstupu ke znalosti na hranici. Monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edstihov\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f umo\u017e\u0148uje mana\u017eer\u016fm portfolia zas\u00e1hnout d\u0159\u00edv, ne\u017e se probl\u00e9my stanou viditeln\u00fdmi v komer\u010dn\u00edch metrik\u00e1ch, je\u017e mohou b\u00fdt roky vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 od sou\u010dasn\u00e9 f\u00e1ze projektu.<\/p>"},{"acf_fc_layout":"blog_tresc","tresc":"<h2>B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 chyby v \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed VaV<\/h2>\n<p>P\u011bt vzorc\u016f selh\u00e1n\u00ed se opakuje v \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed VaV bez ohledu na sektor nebo velikost organizace a ka\u017ed\u00fd je p\u0159edejiteln\u00fd konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmi protiopat\u0159en\u00edmi. Pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto vzorc\u016f je \u010din\u00ed rozpoznateln\u00fdmi d\u0159\u00edve, kdy z\u00e1sah stoj\u00ed zlomek toho, co je po\u017eadov\u00e1no k jejich \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, jakmile zako\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Slab\u00fd fuzzy front-end, jen\u017e pou\u0161t\u00ed projekty n\u00edzk\u00e9 kvality<\/h3>\n<p>Prvn\u00edm vzorcem je nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed ve fuzzy front-endu, je\u017e pou\u0161t\u00ed do form\u00e1ln\u00edho toku projekty se slab\u00fdm strategick\u00fdm zapadnut\u00edm, \u0161patnou technickou proveditelnost\u00ed nebo okrajov\u00fdm komer\u010dn\u00edm potenci\u00e1lem. D\u016fsledkem je, \u017ee form\u00e1ln\u00ed projektov\u00e9 zdroje jsou spot\u0159ebov\u00e1ny na p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostech, je\u017e by nep\u0159e\u017eily p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 ran\u00e9 posouzen\u00ed, a p\u0159edb\u00edhaj\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed kandid\u00e1ty. Protiopat\u0159en\u00edm je lehk\u00fd, ale konzistentn\u00ed proces fuzzy front-endu: ka\u017ed\u00fd kandid\u00e1t vypln\u00ed pl\u00e1tno p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti a obdr\u017e\u00ed rychl\u00e9 bodov\u00e1n\u00ed oproti strategick\u00fdm krit\u00e9ri\u00edm d\u0159\u00edv, ne\u017e vstoup\u00ed do toku. Proces nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt dlouh\u00fd ani t\u011b\u017ekop\u00e1dn\u00fd, ale mus\u00ed b\u00fdt aplikov\u00e1n konzistentn\u011b, aby byli kandid\u00e1ti porovn\u00e1v\u00e1ni nam\u00edsto hodnoceni ka\u017ed\u00fd izolovan\u011b.<\/p>\n<h3>Absence discipl\u00edny ukon\u010den\u00ed, je\u017e vede k zombie projekt\u016fm<\/h3>\n<p>Druh\u00fdm vzorcem je, \u017ee projekty, je\u017e dos\u00e1hly sv\u00e9ho limitu v\u00fdkonu nebo vy\u010derpaly svou strategickou relevanci, nejsou ukon\u010deny, ale pokra\u010duj\u00ed ve spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zdroj\u016f, proto\u017ee nikdo nen\u00ed ochoten p\u0159ijmout rozhodnut\u00ed o ukon\u010den\u00ed. Zombie projekty se hromad\u00ed v \u010dase, spot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed rostouc\u00ed pod\u00edl dostupn\u00e9 kapacity VaV bez produkce v\u00fdsledk\u016f, dokud portfolio neovl\u00e1dne pr\u00e1ce, v ni\u017e nikdo nev\u011b\u0159\u00ed. Protiopat\u0159en\u00edm jsou krit\u00e9ria ukon\u010den\u00ed definovan\u00e1 p\u0159i zah\u00e1jen\u00ed projektu, pravomoc ukon\u010den\u00ed na \u00farovni portfolia nam\u00edsto rozhodnut\u00ed projektov\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu a proces p\u0159ezkumu portfolia, jen\u017e explicitn\u011b hodnot\u00ed v\u0161echny aktivn\u00ed projekty podle jejich z\u00e1sluhy pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed nam\u00edsto p\u0159ezkumu jen t\u011bch ve viditeln\u00fdch nesn\u00e1z\u00edch.<\/p>\n<h3>Selh\u00e1n\u00ed transferu technologie v pozdn\u00ed f\u00e1zi<\/h3>\n<p>T\u0159et\u00edm vzorcem je, \u017ee technologie vyvinut\u00e9 ve VaV se \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b nep\u0159evedou do v\u00fdroby, komer\u010dn\u00edho nasazen\u00ed nebo pou\u017eit\u00ed z\u00e1kazn\u00edkem, proto\u017ee p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00edc\u00ed funkce se nezapojila do v\u00fdvoje a technologie byla postavena kolem laboratorn\u00edch nebo prototypov\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, je\u017e se nep\u0159ekl\u00e1daj\u00ed do prost\u0159ed\u00ed nasazen\u00ed. Selh\u00e1n\u00ed transferu jsou n\u00e1kladn\u00e1, proto\u017ee nast\u00e1vaj\u00ed pozd\u011b, pot\u00e9 co byla ve\u0161ker\u00e1 investice do VaV ud\u011bl\u00e1na, a \u010dasto vy\u017eaduj\u00ed n\u00e1kladnou n\u00e1pravnou pr\u00e1ci, j\u00ed\u017e by se bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 vyhnout d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edm mezifunk\u010dn\u00edm zapojen\u00edm. Protiopat\u0159en\u00edm jsou <a href=\"https:\/\/flexi-project.com\/cs\/efektivni-rizeni-a-identifikace-rizik-projektu\/\">mezifunk\u010dn\u00ed projektov\u00e9 t\u00fdmy<\/a> od ran\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu v\u00fdvoje, se z\u00e1stupci v\u00fdroby, kvality a komerce zapojen\u00fdmi od bodu, kdy se proveditelnost \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed stane relevantn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Pokra\u010dovat \u0161patn\u00fdm sm\u011brem nam\u00edsto pivotov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>\u010ctvrt\u00fdm vzorcem jsou projekty, je\u017e b\u011bhem v\u00fdzkumu zjist\u00ed, \u017ee jejich p\u016fvodn\u00ed sm\u011br nen\u00ed nejnad\u011bjn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ale pokra\u010duj\u00ed v p\u016fvodn\u00edm stejn\u011b, bu\u010f proto\u017ee zm\u011bna sm\u011bru vypad\u00e1 jako p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00ed, nebo proto\u017ee struktura governance nenab\u00edz\u00ed uznan\u00fd mechanismus k pivotov\u00e1n\u00ed. D\u016fsledkem je, \u017ee v\u011bdeck\u00e1 inteligence akumulovan\u00e1 b\u011bhem projektu nen\u00ed pou\u017eita ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed jeho sm\u011bru a pokra\u010duje se v investici do p\u0159\u00edstupu, jej\u017e v\u00fdzkum ozna\u010dil za suboptim\u00e1ln\u00ed. Protiopat\u0159en\u00edm je explicitn\u00ed mo\u017enost pivotu v ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159ezkumu br\u00e1ny, kultura projektu, je\u017e zach\u00e1z\u00ed se zm\u011bnami sm\u011bru jako s d\u016fkazem u\u010den\u00ed nam\u00edsto d\u016fkazu selh\u00e1n\u00ed, a governance br\u00e1ny, je\u017e se aktivn\u011b pt\u00e1, zda sou\u010dasn\u00fd sm\u011br z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nejlep\u0161\u00ed, nam\u00edsto jen zda projekt m\u00e1 pokra\u010dovat nebo b\u00fdt ukon\u010den.<\/p>\n<h3>Metriky, je\u017e m\u011b\u0159\u00ed aktivitu nam\u00edsto postupu<\/h3>\n<p>P\u00e1t\u00fdm vzorcem jsou syst\u00e9my \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed VaV, je\u017e m\u011b\u0159\u00ed aktivitu (proveden\u00e9 experimenty, p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, nav\u0161t\u00edven\u00e9 sch\u016fzky) nam\u00edsto postupu k v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9mu c\u00edli (co se nau\u010dilo, co se zavrhlo, kolik nejistoty se sn\u00ed\u017eilo). Metriky aktivity jsou snadno sb\u011brateln\u00e9 a na za\u010d\u00e1tku uklid\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed, ale nerozli\u0161uj\u00ed produktivn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum od zanepr\u00e1zdn\u011bn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce a ned\u00e1vaj\u00ed ran\u00e9 varov\u00e1n\u00ed o projektech, je\u017e prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed experimenty, ani\u017e by se z nich pou\u010dily. Protiopat\u0159en\u00edm je sledov\u00e1n\u00ed postupu znalosti zalo\u017een\u00e9 na miln\u00edc\u00edch: p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9m form\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159ezkumu projektov\u00fd t\u00fdm artikuluje, co bylo zn\u00e1mo p\u0159i posledn\u00edm p\u0159ezkumu, jak\u00e9 experimenty byly provedeny, co se nau\u010dilo a co je zn\u00e1mo nebo zavr\u017eeno nyn\u00ed. Tento form\u00e1t registru u\u010den\u00ed udr\u017euje pozornost na epistemick\u00e9m postupu projektu nam\u00edsto objemu proveden\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>"},{"acf_fc_layout":"blog_tresc","tresc":"<h2>Jak FlexiProject podporuje \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed VaV<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/flexi-project.com\/cs\/\">FlexiProject<\/a> podporuje vrstvu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed projektu a portfolia VaV se strukturovan\u00fdmi \u0161ablonami projekt\u016f, panely portfolia, procesy p\u0159ezkumu bran, sledov\u00e1n\u00edm rizik a reportingem. V\u011bdeck\u00e1 a technick\u00e1 kompetence, je\u017e ur\u010duje sm\u011br v\u00fdzkumu, n\u00e1vrh experiment\u016f a interpretaci v\u00fdsledk\u016f, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v organizaci VaV. FlexiProject p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed provozn\u00ed infrastrukturu, je\u017e \u010din\u00ed disciplinovan\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed projektu VaV v portfoliu zvl\u00e1dnuteln\u00fdm, propojuje realizaci na \u00farovni projektu s governance na \u00farovni portfolia bez n\u00e1hrady v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho \u00fasudku, na n\u011bm\u017e \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed VaV z\u00e1vis\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0160ablona projektu VaV se strukturou stage-gate<\/h3>\n<p>FlexiProject podporuje <a href=\"https:\/\/flexi-project.com\/cs\/sablony-projektu\/\">\u0161ablony projekt\u016f VaV<\/a> strukturovan\u00e9 kolem \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu stage-gate, s f\u00e1zemi odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edmi t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed fuzzy front-endu, zah\u00e1jen\u00ed projektu, experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed realizaci, \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed a validaci a transferu technologie. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 f\u00e1ze nese kontroln\u00ed seznamy standardn\u00edch v\u00fdstup\u016f a krit\u00e9ria bran konfigurovan\u00e1 na proces VaV organizace. \u0160ablona zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee nov\u00e9 projekty startuj\u00ed se stejnou strukturou \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu nam\u00edsto toho, aby ka\u017ed\u00fd vedouc\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu improvizoval, a \u017ee krit\u00e9ria bran aplikovan\u00e1 na jeden projekt pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tent\u00fd\u017e r\u00e1mec jako jin\u00fd. \u0160ablony pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy VaV (z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum, aplikovan\u00fd v\u00fdzkum, experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdvoj) mohou odr\u00e1\u017eet odli\u0161n\u00e9 po\u017eadavky governance ka\u017ed\u00e9ho typu.<\/p>\n<h3>Charta projektu s prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm o nejistot\u011b a krit\u00e9rii ukon\u010den\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>\u0160ablona charty projektu FlexiProject podporuje pole specifick\u00e1 pro VaV, v\u010detn\u011b prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o nejistot\u011b (co je zn\u00e1mo, co je p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1no, co je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mo), pl\u00e1nu u\u010den\u00ed vedle pl\u00e1nu dod\u00e1n\u00ed a sekce krit\u00e9ri\u00ed ukon\u010den\u00ed, je\u017e definuje d\u016fkaz, kter\u00fd by vedl k ukon\u010den\u00ed projektu. Charta je schv\u00e1lena schvalovac\u00ed cestou, \u010d\u00edm\u017e p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed form\u00e1ln\u00ed podpis br\u00e1ny nula p\u0159ed zav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00edm projektov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f. Charty ukl\u00e1dan\u00e9 konzistentn\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed organiza\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165 toho, co bylo sl\u00edbeno a dod\u00e1no, a krit\u00e9ria ukon\u010den\u00ed zaznamenan\u00e1 p\u0159i zah\u00e1jen\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko pro poctiv\u00e9 p\u0159ezkumy bran pozd\u011bji v projektu.<\/p>\n<h3>Panel portfolia podle f\u00e1ze a typu projektu<\/h3>\n<p>Panel portfolia FlexiProject zobrazuje v\u0161echny aktivn\u00ed projekty VaV kategorizovan\u00e9 podle f\u00e1ze \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu, typu projektu (pr\u016fzkumn\u00fd nebo vyu\u017e\u00edvac\u00ed) a obchodn\u00ed jednotky nebo technologick\u00e9 dom\u00e9ny. Pohled vyn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed vzorce na \u00farovni portfolia: nadm\u011brn\u00e9 soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed projekt\u016f ve v\u00fdvoji pozdn\u00ed f\u00e1ze s m\u00e1lo ran\u00fdmi kandid\u00e1ty nazna\u010duje tok, jen\u017e vyschne, nadm\u011brn\u00e9 soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed v ran\u00e9m pr\u016fzkumu s m\u00e1lo projekty bl\u00edzko komercializace nazna\u010duje portfolio, je\u017e nep\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed v\u00fdzkum na hodnotu, a projekty soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9 v konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed br\u00e1n\u011b nazna\u010duj\u00ed \u00fazk\u00e9 hrdlo v procesu p\u0159ezkumu bran. Vlastn\u00edci portfolia a v\u00fdbory governance VaV pracuj\u00ed z t\u00e9ho\u017e pohledu nam\u00edsto slad\u011bn\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v o stavu projektu.<\/p>\n<h3>P\u0159ezkumy bran s rozhodnut\u00edmi pokra\u010dovat, pivotovat a zastavit<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/flexi-project.com\/cs\/prehledy-projektu\/\">P\u0159ehledy projekt\u016f ve FlexiProject<\/a> lze strukturovat jako form\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159ezkumy bran s definovan\u00fdmi krit\u00e9rii podle f\u00e1ze, strukturovanou prezentac\u00ed d\u016fkaz\u016f a form\u00e1ln\u00edmi rozhodnut\u00edmi pokra\u010dovat, pivotovat nebo zastavit zaznamenan\u00fdmi ve spisu projektu. Mo\u017enost pivotu je specifick\u00fdm typem rozhodnut\u00ed vedle pokra\u010dovat a zastavit, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e pivot vy\u017eaduje dokumentaci nov\u00e9ho sm\u011bru a aktualizovanou chartu projektu. Kadence p\u0159ezkumu je napl\u00e1novan\u00e1, \u010d\u00edm\u017e p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edv\u00eddatelnou popt\u00e1vku po \u010dase v\u00fdboru governance. Rozhodnut\u00ed o bran\u00e1ch a jejich zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed jsou ukl\u00e1d\u00e1na ve spisu projektu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed historii rozhodnut\u00ed, kterou organizace m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ezkoumat a z n\u00ed\u017e se m\u016f\u017ee pou\u010dit nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d n\u011bkolika projekty a lety.<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-62785\" src=\"https:\/\/flexi-project.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Project-Review-One-Pager-in-FlexiProject-1024x768.webp\" alt=\"P\u0159ehled projektu na jednu stranu ve FlexiProject\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" \/>\n<h3>Registr rizik nav\u00e1zan\u00fd na f\u00e1ze projektu<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/flexi-project.com\/cs\/efektivni-rizeni-a-identifikace-rizik-projektu\/\">Registr rizik FlexiProject<\/a> sleduje rizika specifick\u00e1 pro VaV s odpov\u011bdn\u00fdmi, pl\u00e1ny zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed a kadenc\u00ed p\u0159ezkumu. Kategorie rizik VaV zahrnuj\u00ed technick\u00e1 rizika (v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 hypot\u00e9za se nemus\u00ed udr\u017eet, p\u0159\u00edstup se nemus\u00ed \u0161k\u00e1lovat, technologie nemus\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout c\u00edl\u016f v\u00fdkonu), komer\u010dn\u00ed rizika (tr\u017en\u00ed podm\u00ednky se mohou zm\u011bnit, konkuren\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj m\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit hodnotu technologie), regulatorn\u00ed rizika (po\u017eadavky se mohou zm\u011bnit nebo technologie narazit na neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 regulatorn\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky) a rizika partner\u016f (extern\u00ed partne\u0159i nemus\u00ed dodat nasmlouvan\u00e9 nebo vyvinout konkuren\u010dn\u00ed technologie). Rizika jsou nav\u00e1z\u00e1na na relevantn\u00ed miln\u00edky f\u00e1ze a p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1v\u00e1na v p\u0159ezkumech bran, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee stav rizika informuje rozhodnut\u00ed o bran\u00e1ch nam\u00edsto existence v paraleln\u00edm dokumentu nekonzultovan\u00e9m v rozhodovac\u00edch bodech.<\/p>\n<h3>Co FlexiProject ned\u011bl\u00e1<\/h3>\n<p>FlexiProject nenavrhuje experimenty (je to pr\u00e1ce v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu), neinterpretuje v\u00fdsledky v\u00fdzkumu (je to pr\u00e1ce expertn\u00edch v\u011bdc\u016f a in\u017een\u00fdr\u016f), nehodnot\u00ed patentov\u00e9 krajiny (je to pr\u00e1ce specialist\u016f na du\u0161evn\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed) a nep\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed o bran\u00e1ch (vy\u017eaduj\u00ed pravomoc a perspektivu v\u00fdboru governance VaV). P\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed strukturu, viditelnost a sledovatelnost, je\u017e \u010din\u00ed disciplinovan\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed projektu VaV v portfoliu zvl\u00e1dnuteln\u00fdm, ale v\u011bdeck\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edsnost, technick\u00fd \u00fasudek a portfoliov\u00e1 moudrost, je\u017e ur\u010duj\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch VaV, jsou organiza\u010dn\u00ed.<\/p>"},{"acf_fc_layout":"blog_tresc","tresc":"<h2>\u010cast\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n<h3>V \u010dem se \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed projektu VaV li\u0161\u00ed od standardn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed projektu?<\/h3>\n<p>Standardn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed projektu p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 zn\u00e1m\u00fd v\u00fdstup, pevn\u00fd rozsah a objektivn\u00ed krit\u00e9ria \u00fasp\u011bchu. \u0158\u00edzen\u00ed projektu VaV pracuje s nezn\u00e1m\u00fdmi v\u00fdsledky (experiment nemus\u00ed potvrdit hypot\u00e9zu), vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edm se rozsahem (sm\u011br v\u00fdzkumu se m\u011bn\u00ed, jak experimenty odhaluj\u00ed, co funguje a co ne) a z\u010d\u00e1sti subjektivn\u00edmi krit\u00e9rii \u00fasp\u011bchu (je tento objev komer\u010dn\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00fd?). Tyto rozd\u00edly vy\u017eaduj\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u00fapravy: kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 iterativn\u00ed cykly nam\u00edsto podrobn\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u016f dlouh\u00e9ho horizontu, periodick\u00e9 form\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159epl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed nam\u00edsto nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed rozsahu a governance br\u00e1ny, je\u017e zahrnuje expertn\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fd \u00fasudek vedle discipl\u00edny \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed projektu. Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed discipl\u00edny \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed projektu (pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed, rozpo\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed rizik, komunikace se zainteresovan\u00fdmi stranami, pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed zdroj\u016f) se uplat\u0148uj\u00ed v\u0161echny; uplat\u0148uj\u00ed se s v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed flexibilitou a \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fapravou ne\u017e ve standardn\u00edch projektech.<\/p>\n<h3>Jak\u00e1 je spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 vyv\u00e1\u017eenost mezi pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdm a vyu\u017e\u00edvac\u00edm VaV?<\/h3>\n<p>Neexistuje univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 vyv\u00e1\u017eenost; z\u00e1vis\u00ed na f\u00e1zi v\u00fdvoje organizace, jej\u00ed konkuren\u010dn\u00ed pozici a jej\u00edch strategick\u00fdch priorit\u00e1ch. Obecn\u00e1 heuristika pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 mnoha pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdmi organizacemi VaV alokuje 70 procent portfolia na vyu\u017e\u00edvac\u00ed pr\u00e1ci (udr\u017eovat a zlep\u0161ovat existuj\u00edc\u00ed produkty a technologie) a 30 procent na pr\u016fzkumnou pr\u00e1ci (studovat nov\u00e9 technologie a tr\u017en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti), ale farmaceutick\u00e9 a technologick\u00e9 firmy s v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi inova\u010dn\u00edmi ambicemi alokuj\u00ed \u010dasto v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u00edce na pr\u016fzkum. Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed discipl\u00ednou ne\u017e trefit p\u0159esnou proporci je b\u00fdt explicitn\u00ed o tom, jak\u00e1 je proporce, monitorovat ji konzistentn\u011b a upravovat ji z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b nam\u00edsto toho, aby sklouz\u00e1vala, jak se hromad\u00ed jednotliv\u00e1 projektov\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Jak \u0159\u00eddit projekty VaV s nejist\u00fdmi term\u00edny?<\/h3>\n<p>Nejist\u00e9 term\u00edny ve VaV se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed kombinac\u00ed sledov\u00e1n\u00ed postupu zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na miln\u00edc\u00edch nam\u00edsto dat, pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f (vyvinout odhady term\u00ednu nejlep\u0161\u00edho p\u0159\u00edpadu, o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edpadu a nejhor\u0161\u00edho p\u0159\u00edpadu s explicitn\u00edmi p\u0159edpoklady pro ka\u017ed\u00fd), stup\u0148ovit\u00e9ho zavazov\u00e1n\u00ed zdroj\u016f (zav\u00e1zat zdroje na dal\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1zi nam\u00edsto cel\u00e9ho projektu v ka\u017ed\u00e9 br\u00e1n\u011b) a portfoliov\u00e9 rezervy (udr\u017eovat kapacitu k pohlcen\u00ed skluzu term\u00ednu jednotliv\u00fdch projekt\u016f bez naru\u0161en\u00ed celkov\u00e9ho portfolia). C\u00edlem nen\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bt, kdy bude projekt dokon\u010den, ale p\u0159ij\u00edmat v\u010dasn\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed, jak p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed nov\u00e1 informace o tom, zda je projekt na trajektorii, je\u017e ospravedl\u0148uje pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed investici.<\/p>\n<h3>Kdy m\u00e1 b\u00fdt projekt VaV ukon\u010den?<\/h3>\n<p>Projekt VaV m\u00e1 b\u00fdt ukon\u010den, kdy\u017e akumulovan\u00fd d\u016fkaz jasn\u011b ukazuje, \u017ee p\u016fvodn\u00ed sm\u011br v\u00fdzkumu nem\u016f\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout sv\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f za p\u0159ijateln\u00fd n\u00e1klad, kdy\u017e se strategick\u00fd kontext zm\u011bnil dostate\u010dn\u011b, aby u\u010dinil v\u00fdsledek m\u00e9n\u011b cenn\u00fdm ne\u017e pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed investice, nebo kdy\u017e bylo identifikov\u00e1no lep\u0161\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed t\u00fdch\u017e zdroj\u016f. Obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed je, \u017ee projekty, kde t\u00fdm v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee \u00fasp\u011bch je st\u00e1le mo\u017en\u00fd s v\u00edce \u010dasem a zdroji, jsou nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edmi rozhodnut\u00edmi o ukon\u010den\u00ed: vy\u017eaduj\u00ed \u00fasudek na \u00farovni portfolia o tom, zda zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed potenci\u00e1l ospravedl\u0148uje n\u00e1klad p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed investice, nam\u00edsto optimismu na \u00farovni projektu o p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9m \u00fasp\u011bchu. Krit\u00e9ria ukon\u010den\u00ed definovan\u00e1 p\u0159i zah\u00e1jen\u00ed projektu \u010din\u00ed tento \u00fasudek m\u00e9n\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00fdm na prote\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase a v\u00edce ukotven\u00fdm v d\u016fkazu.<\/p>\n<h3>Jak by organizace VaV m\u011bly \u0159\u00eddit du\u0161evn\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed?<\/h3>\n<p>\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed ve VaV zahrnuje t\u0159i p\u0159ekr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se discipl\u00edny: svobodu operovat (zajistit, \u017ee v\u00fdzkum neporu\u0161uje existuj\u00edc\u00ed patenty), strategii ochrany (rozhodnout, kter\u00e9 v\u00fdstupy v\u00fdzkumu chr\u00e1nit patenty, obchodn\u00edm tajemstv\u00edm, publikacemi nebo jin\u00fdmi mechanismy) a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed existuj\u00edc\u00edho portfolia du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed. Praktick\u00fdmi d\u016fsledky pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed projektu VaV jsou, \u017ee p\u0159ezkumy patentov\u00e9 krajiny by m\u011bly b\u00fdt sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed procesu fuzzy front-endu, \u017ee ot\u00e1zky vlastnictv\u00ed du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed v extern\u00edch spoluprac\u00edch by m\u011bly b\u00fdt \u0159e\u0161eny v dohod\u00e1ch o partnerstv\u00ed p\u0159ed za\u010d\u00e1tkem spolupr\u00e1ce a \u017ee rozhodnut\u00ed o ochran\u011b du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed by m\u011bla b\u00fdt p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1na explicitn\u011b v p\u0159ezkumech bran nam\u00edsto ponech\u00e1n\u00ed akumulace bez rozhodnut\u00ed. Rozhodnut\u00ed o du\u0161evn\u00edm vlastnictv\u00ed p\u0159ijat\u00e1 pozd\u011b jsou \u010dasto m\u00e9n\u011b cenn\u00e1 a n\u00e1kladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ta p\u0159ijat\u00e1 brzy.<\/p>\n<h3>Mohou projekty VaV pou\u017e\u00edvat <a href=\"https:\/\/flexi-project.com\/cs\/agile-manifest-klicove-hodnoty-a-principy-manifestu\/\">agiln\u00ed metody<\/a>?<\/h3>\n<p>Agiln\u00ed metody se uplat\u0148uj\u00ed dob\u0159e na f\u00e1zi experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed realizace aplikovan\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu a experiment\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdvoje, kde iterativn\u00ed cykly experimentu, anal\u00fdzy a p\u0159epl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed rytmu agiln\u00edho sprintu a kde explicitn\u00ed retrospektiva sprintu vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pravideln\u00fd mechanismus, aby t\u00fdm reflektoval, co se nau\u010dilo. Agiln\u00ed se uplat\u0148uje m\u00e9n\u011b dob\u0159e na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum, kde je cyklus experimentov\u00e1n\u00ed pomalej\u0161\u00ed a relevantn\u00ed iterace del\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e dvout\u00fddenn\u00ed sprint, a na VaV omezen\u00e9 regulac\u00ed, kde pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed po sprintech nar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na po\u017eadavky na dokumentaci form\u00e1ln\u00edch regulatorn\u00edch pod\u00e1n\u00ed. Nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup pro v\u011bt\u0161inu pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9ho VaV kombinuje strukturu stage-gate pro governance na \u00farovni portfolia s agiln\u00edmi metodami pro realizaci uvnit\u0159 jednotliv\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00ed.<\/p>"},{"acf_fc_layout":"blog_tresc","tresc":"<p>\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoje je discipl\u00edna organizovat, financovat, \u0159\u00eddit a realizovat pr\u00e1ci VaV tak, aby produkovala znalost, technologii nebo produkty komer\u010dn\u00ed \u010di v\u011bdeck\u00e9 hodnoty v p\u0159ijateln\u00fdch mez\u00edch \u010dasu a zdroj\u016f. T\u0159i typy VaV (z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum, aplikovan\u00fd v\u00fdzkum a experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdvoj) se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed na odli\u0161n\u00fdch \u00farovn\u00edch nejistoty a vy\u017eaduj\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy ke governance. Projekty VaV se odli\u0161uj\u00ed od standardn\u00edch ve \u010dty\u0159ech z\u00e1sadn\u00edch ohledech: nejistota v\u00fdsledku, vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se rozsah, z\u010d\u00e1sti subjektivn\u00ed krit\u00e9ria \u00fasp\u011bchu a hodnota negativn\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f. \u017divotn\u00ed cyklus VaV b\u011b\u017e\u00ed od fuzzy front-endu p\u0159es zah\u00e1jen\u00ed, experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed realizaci, \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed a validaci a\u017e po transfer technologie, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e fuzzy front-end m\u00e1 nepom\u011brn\u00fd dopad na kvalitu portfolia. \u0158\u00edzen\u00ed portfolia vy\u017eaduje vyv\u00e1\u017eit pr\u016fzkumn\u00e9 a vyu\u017e\u00edvac\u00ed projekty explicitn\u00ed alokac\u00ed po kbel\u00edc\u00edch, strukturovan\u00fdm bodov\u00e1n\u00edm projekt\u016f, disciplinovan\u00fdmi rozhodnut\u00edmi o ukon\u010den\u00ed a pravideln\u00fdmi p\u0159ezkumy portfolia. Metodika stage-gate se p\u0159izp\u016fsobuje VaV t\u00edm, \u017ee \u010din\u00ed pivot explicitn\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed v ka\u017ed\u00e9 br\u00e1n\u011b vedle pokra\u010dovat a zastavit, s mlhav\u00fdmi branami pro pr\u00e1ci ran\u00e9 f\u00e1ze a postupn\u00fdm zp\u0159\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm krit\u00e9ri\u00ed skrze sekvenci bran. \u010cty\u0159i role utv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed governance projektu VaV: hlavn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161itel jako v\u011bdeck\u00fd vlastn\u00edk, mezifunk\u010dn\u00ed projektov\u00fd t\u00fdm, extern\u00ed partne\u0159i a v\u00fdbor governance VaV. Metriky pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed vstupn\u00ed m\u00edry (intenzita VaV, alokace portfolia), v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 (dosa\u017een\u00ed miln\u00edk\u016f, m\u00edry pr\u016fchodu branami, doby cyklu) a v\u00fdstupn\u00ed (index vitality nov\u00fdch produkt\u016f, m\u00edra technick\u00e9ho \u00fasp\u011bchu, n\u00e1vratnost investice do VaV). P\u011bt vzorc\u016f selh\u00e1n\u00ed (slab\u00fd fuzzy front-end, absence discipl\u00edny ukon\u010den\u00ed, selh\u00e1n\u00ed transferu pozdn\u00ed f\u00e1ze, pokra\u010dovat \u0161patn\u00fdm sm\u011brem nam\u00edsto pivotov\u00e1n\u00ed a m\u011b\u0159it aktivitu nam\u00edsto postupu) je p\u0159edejiteln\u00fdch pojmenovan\u00fdmi protiopat\u0159en\u00edmi. FlexiProject podporuje vrstvu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed projektu a portfolia VaV se \u0161ablonami projektu stage-gate, chartou VaV s prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm o nejistot\u011b a krit\u00e9rii ukon\u010den\u00ed, panely portfolia podle f\u00e1ze a typu, p\u0159ezkumy bran s explicitn\u00edmi rozhodnut\u00edmi pokra\u010dovat, pivotovat nebo zastavit, registry rizik nav\u00e1zan\u00fdmi na f\u00e1ze a reportingem, jen\u017e propojuje realizaci projektu s governance portfolia. V\u011bdeck\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edsnost, technick\u00fd \u00fasudek a portfoliov\u00e1 moudrost, je\u017e ur\u010duj\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch VaV, z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed organiza\u010dn\u00edmi odpov\u011bdnostmi. Pokud program VaV p\u0159erostl tabulky a pot\u0159ebuje syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd podporuje discipl\u00ednu mezi n\u011bkolika konkuren\u010dn\u00edmi projekty a p\u0159ezkumy bran, t\u0159icet dn\u00ed pln\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu bez platebn\u00ed karty je praktick\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, jak vyzkou\u0161et zapadnut\u00ed.<\/p>"}],"hide_all":false,"hide_more":false,"wybor_autora":[2001]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.8 (Yoast SEO v28.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoje: jak pl\u00e1novat, v\u00e9st a \u0159\u00eddit projekty VaV od pr\u016fzkumu po transfer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoje: typy VaV, \u017eivotn\u00ed cyklus, vyv\u00e1\u017eenost portfolia, stage-gate s mo\u017enost\u00ed pivotu, metriky a b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 chyby.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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